|
The Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy) is a European Union directive which commits European Union member states to achieve good qualitative and quantitative status of all water bodies (including marine waters up to one nautical mile from shore) by 2015. It is a framework in the sense that it prescribes steps to reach the common goal rather than adopting the more traditional limit value approach. The Directive's aim for 'good status' for all water bodies will not be achieved, with 47% of EU water bodies〔2012 WFD review by the European Commission http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52012DC0670&from=EN〕 covered by the Directive failing to achieve the aim. ==Objectives of the Directive== The Directive aims for 'good status' for all ground and surface waters (rivers, lakes, transitional waters, and coastal waters) in the EU. The ecological and chemical status of surface waters are assessed according to the following criteria: * Biological quality (fish, benthic invertebrates, aquatic flora) * Hydromorphological quality such as river bank structure, river continuity or substrate of the river bed * Physical-chemical quality such as temperature, oxygenation and nutrient conditions * Chemical quality that refers to environmental quality standards for river basin specific pollutants. These standards specify maximum concentrations for specific water pollutants. If even one such concentration is exceeded, the water body will not be classed as having a “good ecological status”.〔 〕 The Water Framework Directive stipulates that groundwater must achieve “good quantitative status” and “good chemical status” (i.e. not polluted) by 2015. Groundwater bodies are classified as either "good" or "poor".〔 〕 Article 14 of the directive requires member states "to encourage the active involvement of interested parties" in the implementation of the directive. This is generally acknowledged to be an assimilation of the Aarhus Convention.〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「water framework directive」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|